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Human whole genome sequencing (hWGS) enables researchers to describe the full genetic composition of individuals and characterize entire human genomes. It allows the identification of genomic variation information, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (InDels), structural variations (SVs), and copy number variations (CNVs) in a single and cost-efficient assay.
With extensive experience and well-developed bioinformatics know-how, Novogene delivers high-quality data, publication-ready analysis figures, and personalized results to meet different research objectives and customer needs. Novogene offers ultra-fast turnaround time, even for large projects: equipped with numerous Illumina NovaSeq X Plus /NovaSeq6000 platforms, Oxford Nanopore PromethION and PacBio Revio/Sequel II system.
Novogene is capable of sequencing up to 200,000 human genomes per year at a competitive cost. Novogene hWGS service can provide data across a broad range of applications, including studies on genetic diseases, cancers, pathogenesis mechanisms, or population genetics. Multiple DNA sequencing technologies available at Novogene can identify the highly polymorphic and highly repetitive regions within the genome of interest, thereby providing a complete and accurate human genome characterization [1].
Human genome sequencing has been assisting researchers in the following research areas:
Fragments should be ≥ 30 kb
*NC/QC: NanoDrop concentration/Qubit concentration
Note: Values of sequencing depths are only listed for your reference. Download the Service Specifications to learn more. For detailed information, please contact us for your customized requests.
From sample preparation, library preparation, DNA sequencing and data quality control, to bioinformatics analysis, Novogene provides high-quality products and professional services. Each step is performed in agreement with a high scientific standard and meticulous design to ensure high-quality research results.
[1] https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Sequencing-Human-Genome-cost
Human whole-genome sequencing (WGS) allows researchers to identify inherited disorders, characterize mutations that drive cancer progression, track disease outbreaks, and achieve many other research goals. Here we have summarized some outstanding academic publications that have been using novogene hWGS services.
Association of Rare PTGIS Variants With Susceptibility and Pulmonary Vascular Response in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Journal: JAMA CardiologyIssue Date: April 1, 2020IF: 12.794DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0479
A genomic and epigenomic atlas of prostate cancer in Asian populations
Journal: NatureIssue date: March 25, 2020IF: 12.794DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2135-x
Genomic sequencing identifies WNK2 as a driver inhepatocellular carcinoma and a risk factor for early recurrence
Journal: Journal of HepatologyIssue date: DECEMBER 01, 2019IF:20.582DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.07.014
Germline BMP9 mutation causes idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Journal: European Respiratory JournalIssue date: November 29,2019IF: 12.339DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01609-2018
Proteomics identifies new therapeutic targets of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Journal: NatureIssue date: February 27,2019IF: 42.778DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0987-8
Mutational landscape of secondary glioblastoma guides MET-targeted trial in brain tumor
Journal: CellIssue date: October 18, 2018IF: 38.637DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.038
Identification of genetic risk factors in the Chinese population implicates a role of immune system in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesIssue date: February 5, 2018; IF: 9.412DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715554115
The sequencing error rate is the major confounding factor of precise detection of low-frequency variations by deep sequencing. It determines the quality of the sequencing data. The sequencing error rate is highly associated with the sequencing cycle, escalating towards the end of each read because of the consumption of chemical reagents, which is a common feature of the Illumina high throughput sequencing platform.
Note: The x-axis represents position in reads, and the y-axis represents the average error rate of bases of all reads at a position.
GC content distribution aims to check the potential of AT/GC separation. Sample contamination, sequencing bias, and errors during library preparation can impact on the sequencing results.
Note: The x-axis is position in reads, and the y-axis is percentage of each type of bases (A, T, G, C); different bases are distinguishable by different colors.
Sequencing depth and coverage illustrate the average number of pair-end clean reads which are aligned to the known reference nucleotides. The sequencing coverage distribution determines whether the identification of variations can be done with a certain degree of confidence at specific base positions.
Average sequencing depth (bar plot) and coverage (dot-line plot) in each chromosome.
Note: The x-axis represents chromosome;the left y-axis is the average depth; the right y-axis is the coverage (proportion of covered bases).
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), also known as single nucleotide variants (SNVs), constitute the largest class of genetic variants in the genome. Another class of genetic variations includes small insertions and deletions (InDels) which are <50 bp in length. The InDels present in the coding region or splicing sites may cause changes in mRNA transcripts and proteins.
The number of SNPs/InDels in various genomic regions
The number of different types of SNPs/InDels in the coding region
Structural variants (SVs) are genetic variants with relatively larger sizes (>50 bp), and they include deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions, and translocations. SVs form the underlying genetic basis of individual differences and have potential effects on the disease and cancer susceptibility.
The number of different types of SV in each sample
Note: The x-axis represents samples, and the y-axis indicates the number of each type of SV.
Copy number variants (CNVs) are genetic variants that lead to variations in copy number of relatively larger fragments (longer than 50 bp) among individuals. There are two types of CNVs, i.e. gain and loss of copies. CNVs may form the underlying genetic basis of individual differences and cancers.
The size of genomic regions affected by CNVs in each sample
Note:The x-axis represents samples name, and the y-axis indicates the total size of genomic regions affected by gain or loss (Mb)
Heatmap of Significantly Mutated Genes
Only a few mutations related to cancer can drive tumorigenesis by affecting genes. Significantly mutated genes (SMGs) refer to those mutations that show a significantly higher mutation rate than the background mutation rate (BMR), thus indicating a positive selection during tumorigenesis. Analysis of SMGs helps us pinpoint the key genes that are critical for cancer initiation and progression.
Heatmap of significantly mutated genes (SMGs) across samples
Note: The bar plot at the top shows the mutation rate of each sample (Mutations/Mb). The heatmap in the center shows the types of mutations of each SMG across samples. The horizontal axis represents samples, and the vertical axis represents SMGs. Different types of mutations are distinguished by different colors. The bar plot on the left side of the heatmap shows the percentage of samples affected by mutations in each SMG, and the plot on the right side shows p values of SMGs.
Intra-tumor Heterogeneity Analysis
Intra-tumor heterogeneity refers to the heterogeneous composition of tumor cells. Deciphering the intra-tumor heterogeneity and clonal architecture may contribute towards the understanding of therapeutic resistance. The number and content (subclonal somatic mutations) of tumor subclones were identified by analyzing the variant allele frequencies of somatic mutations.
Inferred clonal architecture
Note: The horizontal axis of each panel represents variant allele frequency (VAF). A cluster of mutations with relatively low VAF represents a subclonal population. The top panel shows kernel density of VAFs across regions with copy number one, two, or three, posterior predictive densities summed over all clusters for copy number neutral variants, and posterior densities for each cluster/component. The panels below the top panel show read depth versus VAFs for each class of copy number regions.
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